Biotechnology and Genomics

Recall cards on biotechnology and genomics: the basic techniques (nucleic-acid isolation, gel electrophoresis, PCR and RT-PCR, Southern and Northern blotting, probes); molecular cloning (plasmid vectors, restriction endonucleases and sticky ends, DNA ligase, recombinant and chimeric DNA, the multiple cloning site); applications (recombinant insulin and growth hormone, reproductive and therapeutic cloning, somatic cell nuclear transfer and Dolly, genetic engineering, GMOs and transgenic organisms, gene therapy, Agrobacterium and the Ti plasmid, Bt crops, the Flavr Savr tomato, reverse genetics and gene targeting); mapping genomes (genetic versus physical maps, linkage analysis, RFLP, SNP and VNTR markers, cytogenetic, radiation-hybrid and sequence mapping, STSs and ESTs); whole-genome sequencing (Sanger chain termination and ddNTPs, shotgun and pairwise-end sequencing, next-generation sequencing, annotation and microarrays); and applied genomics and proteomics (pharmacogenomics, metagenomics, mitochondrial DNA, the proteome versus the genome, biomarkers and protein signatures, metabolomics and systems biology).

Source: OpenStax Biology 2e (2018), Chapter 17, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.