The Evolution of Populations

Recall cards on population genetics and adaptive evolution: population evolution (population genetics, the modern synthesis, microevolution versus macroevolution, populations evolve while individuals do not, allele and genotype frequencies, the gene pool, the Hardy-Weinberg principle and its equations and equilibrium assumptions); population genetics forces (genetic and phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic drift, the bottleneck and founder effects, gene flow, mutation, nonrandom and assortative mating, inbreeding and inbreeding depression, clines and geographic variation); and adaptive evolution (fitness and relative fitness, stabilizing, directional, and diversifying selection, frequency-dependent selection, sexual dimorphism and sexual selection, the handicap principle and good genes hypothesis, and the constraints that keep selection from producing a perfect organism).

Source: OpenStax Biology 2e (2018), Chapter 19, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.