Gene Expression

Recall cards on how cells regulate gene expression: the levels of regulation (why cells regulate, prokaryotic versus eukaryotic control, the five eukaryotic stages); prokaryotic operons (the trp and lac operons, repressors, activators and inducers, corepressors, cAMP and the catabolite activator protein, inducible versus repressible control); eukaryotic epigenetic regulation (nucleosomes, chromatin remodeling, histone modification, DNA methylation and CpG islands, imprinting); eukaryotic transcriptional control (general and specific transcription factors, the TATA, CAAT and GC boxes, enhancers and DNA bending); post-transcriptional control (alternative splicing, mRNA stability and UTRs, microRNAs, Dicer and RISC); translational and post-translational control (the eIF-2 switch, cap-poly-A looping, protein modification, ubiquitin and the proteasome); and cancer as a disease of altered gene expression (tumor-suppressor genes, p53, proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, cancer epigenetics, and gene-expression-targeted therapies).

Source: OpenStax Biology 2e (2018), Chapter 16, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.