Newton's Laws of Motion (Physics)

Recall cards on Newton's laws of motion: force as a vector push or pull measured in newtons, external versus contact versus field forces, the four fundamental forces, and the net force as a vector sum; Newton's first law, inertia and its measure by mass, inertial reference frames, and equilibrium under zero net force; Newton's second law in scalar and vector form, F_net = m a and its momentum form F_net = dp/dt, with the proportionalities between force, mass, and acceleration; mass versus weight, w = m g, and how weight varies with local gravity while mass does not; Newton's third law and action-reaction pairs acting on different bodies, including thrust; common forces such as the normal force, tension, friction, Hooke's-law spring restoring force, and the real-versus-fictitious distinction; and how to draw and use free-body diagrams to apply Newton's second law.