Vertebrates

Recall cards on the vertebrates and their chordate kin: the five chordate characteristics and the invertebrate lancelets and tunicates; the jawless hagfishes and lampreys and the jawed cartilaginous and bony fishes; the amphibians with their moist skin and metamorphosis; the amniote reptiles, from the amniotic egg and temporal fenestrae to crocodilians, tuataras, squamates, and turtles; the endothermic birds with their feathers, flight muscles, and air-sac lungs; the mammals with hair, mammary glands, and the three-boned middle ear across monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians; and the evolution of the primates through monkeys, apes, and the hominin lineage to Homo sapiens.