Laboratory Analysis of the Immune Response (Microbiology)

Recall cards on the laboratory analysis of the immune response. Producing antibodies: epitopes, affinity and avidity, cross-reactivity, polyclonal antisera and adjuvants, monoclonal antibodies and hybridomas, humanized antibodies and Herceptin, plantibodies and ZMapp, and test sensitivity and specificity. Detecting antigen-antibody complexes: precipitin reactions with the zones of equivalence and excess, the precipitin ring test, titers, Ouchterlony and radial immunodiffusion, flocculation and the VDRL test, viral neutralization assays, immunoelectrophoresis, the western blot, and complement fixation. Agglutination assays: direct and indirect (latex) agglutination, blood typing and cross-matching, the direct and indirect Coombs' tests, viral hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition, seroconversion, and the Widal and rheumatoid factor tests. EIAs and ELISAs: reporter enzymes and chromogens, direct, sandwich, and indirect ELISAs, lateral flow assays, and immunohistochemistry. And fluorescent antibody techniques: direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests, antinuclear antibody testing, flow cytometry with CD4 counts, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting.