Particle Physics and Cosmology (Physics)

Recall cards on particle physics and cosmology. The four fundamental forces and their ranges and relative strengths. Fermions and bosons; the six quarks and their fractional charges; hadrons, mesons, and baryons; the six leptons; force carriers (photon, gluons, W and Z bosons, graviton) and the Higgs boson; antiparticles and annihilation. Conservation laws: baryon number, the three lepton numbers, strangeness, and neutrino oscillations. Quarks: spin, color charge, confinement, gluons, and the deep-inelastic-scattering evidence. Particle accelerators (Van de Graaff, linac, cyclotron, synchrotron, colliding beams, the LHC) and detectors. The Standard Model: electroweak theory, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics, Feynman diagrams, virtual particles, and grand unified theories. Cosmology: Hubble's law, the Hubble constant, the Big Bang as expanding space, cosmological redshift, the age of the universe, the epochs of the early universe, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background, and dark energy and dark matter.