Fluid Mechanics (Physics)

Recall cards on the mechanics of fluids at rest and in motion. Density rho = m/V, specific gravity, and the states of matter. Pressure p = F/A as a scalar that acts equally in all directions and increases with depth as p = p0 + rho g h. Measuring pressure: gauge versus absolute pressure, the pascal and other units, and the barometer and manometer. Pascal's principle and how hydraulic systems multiply force without creating extra work. Archimedes' principle and buoyancy: the buoyant force equals the weight of displaced fluid, and floating, sinking, and apparent weight follow from density. Fluid dynamics: flow rate, the equation of continuity, laminar versus turbulent flow, and ideal fluids. Bernoulli's equation as energy conservation along a streamline, Bernoulli's principle relating speed and pressure, and entrainment. Finally viscosity, the Reynolds number, Poiseuille's law and its strong dependence on tube radius, and the onset of turbulence.