Ecosystems

Recall cards on ecosystems: the ecology of ecosystems (freshwater, marine, and terrestrial categories; equilibrium, resistance, and resilience; food chains, trophic levels, and food webs; grazing and detrital food webs; and conceptual, analytical, and simulation models); energy flow through ecosystems (photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs; gross and net primary productivity; trophic level transfer efficiency and net production efficiency; ecological pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy; and biomagnification of DDT, PCBs, and heavy metals); and biogeochemical cycles (the water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, eutrophication and dead zones, and acid rain).