Civil Rights (American Government)

Recall cards on American civil rights. What civil rights are and how government classifies people: the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause and the three tiers of judicial scrutiny (rational basis, intermediate scrutiny for sex, strict scrutiny for race), plus de jure and de facto segregation. The African American struggle for equality: Reconstruction, the black codes, the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education, and the machinery of disenfranchisement (poll taxes, literacy and understanding tests, the grandfather clause, the white primary), through civil disobedience and direct action to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The fight for women's rights (coverture, Seneca Falls, the Nineteenth Amendment, the ERA, Title IX, comparable worth, the glass ceiling). Civil rights for Indigenous groups (Indian Removal, the Trail of Tears, the Dawes and Indian Reorganization Acts, AIM, and self-determination). And equal protection for other groups: Chicano organizing and the UFW, the Chinese Exclusion Act and Lau v. Nichols, Stonewall, Lawrence v. Texas and Obergefell v. Hodges, the ADA, affirmative action, and hate crimes.