Thermodynamics (Chemistry)

Recall cards on chemical thermodynamics: spontaneity (spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes, the independence of spontaneity from reaction speed, and the dispersal of matter and energy); entropy (the state function S, delta-S = q_rev/T, Boltzmann's S = k ln W and microstates, and how entropy varies with state of matter, phase change, temperature, and dissolution); the second and third laws (the entropy of the universe, delta-S_univ sign rules for spontaneity and equilibrium, the entropy change of the surroundings, and the zero entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K); and Gibbs free energy (G = H - TS, delta-G = delta-H - T delta-S, the delta-G sign criterion, standard free energies of reaction and formation, delta-G = delta-G degree + RT ln Q, delta-G degree = -RT ln K, and the temperature dependence of spontaneity).