Memory (Psychology)

Recall cards on how memory works, its brain basis, its failures, and how to improve it. How memory functions: encoding (automatic versus effortful; semantic, visual, and acoustic), the self-reference effect, storage, and retrieval, plus the Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage model, sensory memory, short-term memory and its capacity (Miller's 7 plus or minus 2), long-term memory, consolidation, elaborative rehearsal, explicit versus implicit memory (episodic, semantic, procedural), and recall, recognition, and relearning. Brain and memory: the amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex, the engram, Lashley's equipotentiality hypothesis, arousal theory, flashbulb memory, the memory neurotransmitters, and Eric Kandel. Problems with memory: amnesia (anterograde and retrograde, the patient H.M.), Schacter's seven sins of memory, encoding failure, the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, the Loftus misinformation effect, proactive and retroactive interference, and eyewitness misidentification. Enhancing memory: rehearsal, chunking, mnemonic devices (HOMES, PEMDAS), the self-reference study strategy, distributed practice, and sleep.