Psychology flashcards
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3 decks
- Introduction to Psychology (Psychology)Recall cards on the foundations of psychology. What is psychology: the scientific study of the mind and behavior, the scientific method, hypotheses and theories, and psychology as both a natural and a social science. The history of psychology: Wundt and the first laboratory, voluntarism and introspection, James and functionalism, Titchener and structuralism, Freud and psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, behaviorism, humanism, and the cognitive revolution. Contemporary psychology: the subfields from biopsychology and evolutionary psychology through developmental, personality, social, industrial-organizational, health, clinical, counseling, and forensic psychology. And careers in psychology: the PhD and the dissertation, the PsyD, master's-level careers, faculty roles, postdoctoral training, and licensure.
- Psychological Research (Psychology)Recall cards on how psychologists do research. Why research matters: evidence-based knowledge, theories and hypotheses, empirical evidence, facts versus opinions, deductive and inductive reasoning, and falsifiability. Approaches to research: the case study, naturalistic observation, observer bias and inter-rater reliability, surveys, samples and populations, archival research, and longitudinal versus cross-sectional designs. Analyzing findings: the correlation coefficient, positive and negative correlation, why correlation is not causation, confounding and illusory correlations, independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups, single- and double-blind studies, the placebo effect, random sampling and random assignment, statistical significance, reliability and validity, and peer review and replication. And research ethics: the IRB, informed consent, deception and debriefing, the IACUC and animal welfare, and the Tuskegee syphilis study that led to the National Research Act.
- Biopsychology (Psychology)Recall cards on the biological bases of behavior. Human genetics: genotype and phenotype, chromosomes and DNA, genes and alleles, dominant and recessive traits, homozygous and heterozygous, polygenic traits, mutations, PKU, range of reaction, epigenetics, natural selection, and twin studies. Cells of the nervous system: neurons and glial cells, soma, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, the synapse, neurotransmitters and receptors, membrane and resting potential, the action potential and the all-or-none phenomenon, the sodium-potassium pump, reuptake, agonists and antagonists, and the major neurotransmitters. Parts of the nervous system: the central, somatic, autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic divisions, afferent and efferent fibers, and homeostasis. The brain and spinal cord: the cerebral cortex, hemispheres and lateralization, the four lobes, motor and somatosensory cortex, Broca's and Wernicke's areas, the limbic system, subcortical structures, split-brain and neuroplasticity, and brain-imaging methods. And the endocrine system: glands and hormones, the pituitary master gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads.