Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals (Chemistry)

Recall cards on the descriptive chemistry of the representative elements: periodicity and the periodic behavior of the representative metals (alkali, alkaline earth, group 12, and the metals of groups 13 to 15, plus the inert pair effect and allotropes); the occurrence and preparation of the representative metals (electrolysis in the Downs and Hall-Heroult cells, and chemical reduction such as the Pidgeon process); the structure and properties of the six metalloids (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium) and their oxides, halides, and silicates; the structure and properties of the nonmetals (carbon allotropes, phosphorus and sulfur allotropes, and periodic trends); hydrogen and its compounds (isotopes, preparation, ammonia and the Haber process, the hydrogen halides); carbonates and hydrogen carbonates; and the occurrence, preparation, and properties of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen (including ozone, oxides, peroxides, superoxides, and hydroxides), sulfur, the halogens, and the noble gases.