Liquids and Solids (Chemistry)

Recall cards on the condensed phases of matter: intermolecular forces (the distinction from intramolecular forces, van der Waals forces, dispersion/London forces and polarizability, dipole-dipole attractions, and hydrogen bonding); the properties of liquids (viscosity, cohesion and adhesion, surface tension, and capillary action); phase transitions (vaporization and condensation, vapor pressure, boiling point, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, melting and freezing, sublimation and deposition, and the associated enthalpies); phase diagrams (their axes and regions, the solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas curves, the triple point, and the critical point); the solid state (crystalline versus amorphous solids and the four types of crystalline solid: ionic, metallic, covalent network, and molecular, plus crystal defects and doping); and lattice structures (the unit cell, simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic structures with their coordination numbers and packing efficiencies, closest packing, tetrahedral and octahedral holes, the sodium chloride structure, and X-ray diffraction with the Bragg equation).