Thinking and Intelligence (Psychology)

Recall cards on cognition, language, problem solving, and intelligence. Cognition: concepts and prototypes, natural versus artificial concepts, and schemas, role schemas, and event schemas. Language: the lexicon, grammar, phonemes, morphemes, semantics, and syntax, plus babbling, overgeneralization, linguistic determinism, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the critical period, and the Boroditsky and Dani color studies. Problem solving: trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, working backwards, mental set, and functional fixedness, plus the anchoring, confirmation, hindsight, and representative biases and the availability heuristic. Intelligence: Spearman's g, Cattell's fluid and crystallized intelligence, Sternberg's triarchic theory, Gardner's multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, creativity, and divergent versus convergent thinking. Measurement: Galton, Binet, the Stanford-Binet, and the Wechsler WAIS and WISC scales, standardization, norming, reliability, validity, the normal distribution, IQ ranges, the Flynn effect, and Buck v. Bell and Atkins v. Virginia. Sources of intelligence: range of reaction, the Minnesota twin study, poverty and the prefrontal cortex, and learning disabilities including dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia.