Solutions and Colloids (Chemistry)

Recall cards on solutions and colloids: the dissolution process (solute and solvent, the spontaneity and entropy of solution formation, ideal solutions, the three intermolecular attractions involved, and endothermic versus exothermic dissolving); electrolytes (strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes, dissociation, ion-dipole attraction, and covalent compounds that ionize by reacting with water); solubility (saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions, Henry's law for gases, miscibility, and the temperature dependence of solubility); colligative properties (mole fraction and molality, Raoult's law, vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation and freezing point depression with their constants, osmosis and osmotic pressure, and the van't Hoff factor); and colloids (the dispersed phase and dispersion medium, the Tyndall effect, sols, aerosols, emulsions, gels and foams, emulsifying agents, soaps and detergents, charged colloidal particles, the Cottrell precipitator, and gels).