Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry (Chemistry)

Recall cards on chemical bonding and molecular shape: ionic bonding (ions, cations and anions, ionic bonds and the properties of ionic solids, cation and anion formation rules, and lattice arrangement); covalent bonding (shared electron pairs, bond length, the properties of covalent compounds, pure versus polar covalent bonds, and electronegativity and its periodic trends); Lewis symbols and structures (lone and bonding pairs, the octet rule and its exceptions, single, double, and triple bonds, and free radicals, electron-deficient, and hypervalent molecules); formal charges and resonance (the formal-charge formula, structure selection, and resonance forms and hybrids); the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds (bond energy, bond order, reaction enthalpy from bond energies, lattice energy, and the Born-Haber cycle); and molecular structure and polarity (VSEPR theory, the five electron-pair geometries and their bond angles, lone-pair effects, bond dipole moments, and molecular polarity).